What does it mean to track brand sentiment in ChatGPT or Gemini?

Tracking brand sentiment in ChatGPT or Gemini means monitoring not just whether your brand is mentioned in AI-generated answers, but how it is described — the tone, the adjectives used, the context it appears in, and whether it is framed as a top recommendation, a budget option, a risky choice, or something else. Sentiment in AI answers is distinct from social sentiment: it reflects what the model has learned from its training data and the sources it currently retrieves, so it can change as the model updates or as new content enters its retrieval index.

Can I track brand sentiment in ChatGPT and Gemini manually?

You can run spot-checks manually, but they give unreliable data. Because large language models use temperature-based sampling during generation, the same prompt can produce a different brand mention or tone on Tuesday than on Wednesday. Research shows that small-to-medium LLMs produce consistent answers only 50-80% of the time under standard conditions. Dedicated tools solve this by running each prompt many times, averaging results, storing responses historically, and normalising the statistical noise — giving you trend data rather than a single unreliable snapshot.

Which AI engines should I monitor for brand sentiment?

At minimum: ChatGPT and Gemini, which together account for the vast majority of consumer and B2B AI query volume. Perplexity matters for information-seeking and research queries with explicit citations. Google AI Overviews and AI Mode matter because they appear directly in Google Search results and drive the most commercial-intent traffic. Microsoft Copilot is significant for B2B buyers researching software. Tools like Temso cover all 8 major engines on every plan; some competitors require add-ons or higher tiers for broader coverage.

What is share of model (or share of AI voice) and how does it relate to sentiment?

Share of model — sometimes called share of AI voice — measures what percentage of relevant prompts result in your brand being mentioned across one or more AI engines, compared to your competitors. It is the AI-era equivalent of share of voice in traditional media. Sentiment adds a qualitative layer: you might appear in 40% of prompts but be framed negatively or as a second-tier option in most of them. The combination of share of model and sentiment framing tells you both how visible you are and whether that visibility is working in your favour.

How do I improve my brand sentiment in ChatGPT and Gemini?

AI models learn brand framing from the sources they retrieve: third-party reviews, comparison articles, industry directories, press coverage, and your own structured content. To improve sentiment, you need to (1) identify which sources the AI cites when it describes your brand, (2) find authoritative sources that mention competitors favourably but omit or misrepresent you, and (3) create or earn citations on those sources with accurate, positive framing. Tools like Temso automate steps 1 and 2 as part of their monitoring dashboard, and include a built-in workflow to execute step 3 without switching platforms.

Is brand sentiment tracking in AI tools the same as traditional social listening?

No — they measure fundamentally different things. Social listening tools (Brandwatch, Mention, Sprinklr) monitor what humans say about your brand in real time across social platforms, news, and forums. AI sentiment tracking monitors what AI engines say about your brand when users ask them questions — which is shaped by training data, retrieval sources, and model architecture, not by current social conversation. A negative Twitter storm shows up in social listening immediately; it may take weeks or months to shift how an LLM frames your brand, and only if the right authoritative sources change their coverage.

Best Tools to Track Brand Sentiment in ChatGPT & Gemini (2026)

Last updated June 2026. Added Bluefish AI and Knowatoa; refreshed Ahrefs Brand Radar and Semrush AI Toolkit pricing; updated G2 review counts.

TL;DR

Temso is the top pick for most teams: it tracks brand sentiment, share of voice, and citation gaps across 8 AI engines and includes a built-in action plan to close those gaps — from $29/mo with no per-engine add-ons. For Fortune 500 reporting depth, Profound is the step up. For agencies managing multiple clients without per-seat costs, Peec AI is the better fit. Every other tool in this list covers a specific edge case, from Ahrefs Brand Radar’s research-grade dataset to Evertune’s statistically significant enterprise measurement.

At a glance

#	Tool	Best for	Entry price	Engines
1	Temso	SMBs and SaaS — sentiment + execution in one tool	$29/mo	8
2	Profound	Enterprise reporting and citation intelligence	$399/mo (effective)	9+
3	Peec AI	Agencies with multi-client, multi-seat needs	€85/mo	9+
4	Ahrefs Brand Radar	SEO teams wanting the largest sentiment dataset	$199/mo add-on	6
5	Otterly.AI	Freelancers and small agencies on a tight budget	$29/mo	6
6	Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit	Teams already on Semrush wanting basic AI signals	$99/mo add-on	3–4
7	Scrunch	Enterprise SOC 2 compliance + content delivery	$250/mo	Up to 9
8	AthenaHQ	Mid-market SaaS wanting the highest-rated platform	$295/mo	4
9	Evertune	Fortune 500 CMOs needing statistically robust data	$3,000/mo	9
10	Knowatoa	B2B teams wanting diagnostic depth + a human rep	$59/mo	3–7
11	SE Ranking / SE Visible	Agencies needing SEO + AI sentiment in one tool	$129/mo	5
12	Bluefish	Regulated industries needing brand governance	Quote only	5+

Full scoring methodology and weighted criteria are at /methodology.

Why brand sentiment in AI engines matters now

The buyer journey has shifted structurally, not cyclically:

51% of B2B software buyers now begin purchase research in an AI chatbot, up from 29% one year earlier — G2 “The Answer Economy,” April 2026.
69% of B2B buyers chose a different vendor than they initially planned, based on AI chatbot guidance; 33% bought from a vendor they had never heard of before — G2 survey of 1,076 B2B buyers, April 2026.
Brand mentions in AI responses disagreed 61.9% of the time across Google AI Overviews, AI Mode, and ChatGPT — meaning the sentiment framing of your brand can differ sharply depending on which engine a buyer asks — BrightEdge AI Catalyst research, July 2025.
ChatGPT has grown from 400M to 900M weekly active users between February 2025 and February 2026 — OpenAI via TechCrunch.
73% of B2B buyers now use AI tools such as ChatGPT and Perplexity in their vendor purchase research process — multi-source analysis of 680M citations, Loganix via PR Newswire, March 2026.

The implication for brand teams is direct: the same query — “best [category] for [use case]” — can generate a different sentiment framing of your brand depending on which engine is asked, what it retrieved, and when it last updated. Tracking that framing consistently, across engines, over time, is not an optional research exercise. It is a precondition for acting on it.

1. Temso

Best for: SMBs and SaaS teams that want sentiment tracking, share of voice monitoring, and AEO execution in one flat-priced platform.

Pricing: From $29/mo (free trial, no credit card required). All 8 AI engines included on every plan — no per-engine add-ons.

Key features: Brand perception and sentiment tracking across 8 engines (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, Google AI Mode, Grok, Copilot, Meta AI); citation monitoring; hallucination and accuracy alerts; built-in AI workflow that converts monitoring data into prioritised fixes; 5-minute guided setup.

Pros:

Covers sentiment, citation gaps, and hallucination detection in a single subscription with no add-on fees per engine.
Built-in execution layer closes the loop without switching tools — the gap between “your brand is described negatively” and “here is the content fix” is resolved inside the same dashboard.
Lowest entry price in the category for 8-engine coverage.

Cons:

Does not include backlink indexing or traditional keyword rank tracking — teams that need both workflows will need to pair Temso with a conventional SEO tool.
Younger brand with a smaller G2 review footprint than established platforms like Semrush or SE Ranking — teams that weight peer review volume heavily in their evaluation will find more published third-party validation elsewhere.

External rating: Listed on G2 in the Answer Engine Optimization category; no verified aggregate star rating publicly available at time of writing.

Verdict: The easiest, most affordable way to track brand sentiment across every major AI engine and fix the gaps without needing a dedicated specialist.

2. Profound

Best for: Enterprise and Fortune 500 brands needing deep citation intelligence and sentiment reporting across 9+ engines.

Pricing: Starter $99/mo (ChatGPT only, 50 prompts — too limited for production use); Growth $399/mo (full multi-engine coverage); Enterprise custom.

Key features: Brand visibility, share of voice, and sentiment tracking across 9+ engines; Prompt Volumes showing real user demand behind prompt categories; visual citation maps; autonomous content-creation agents; ChatGPT Shopping intelligence; GA4 integration.

Pros:

Widest engine coverage and most granular sentiment plus citation attribution in its tier.
Prompt Volumes gives genuine demand-side context to sentiment trends — you can see not just what AI says about your brand but how often users are asking the relevant prompts.
Recognised in G2 2026 Best Software Awards (AI category).

Cons:

Effective entry for a real programme is $399/mo — three to four times pricier than alternatives for comparable coverage.
No multi-account agency workspace.
Starter plan is too restricted to be meaningful for ongoing monitoring.

External rating: Recognised in G2 2026 Best Software Awards (AI category); no verified aggregate star rating publicly confirmed.

Verdict: The deepest sentiment and citation intelligence available, but the price point and single-workspace model make it a poor fit for anything below mid-market.

3. Peec AI

Best for: Marketing agencies tracking brand sentiment across multiple clients without per-seat costs.

Pricing: Starter €85/mo (50 prompts, 3 models); Pro €205/mo; Advanced €425/mo; Enterprise custom. Claude and Gemini AI Mode are paid add-ons on lower tiers.

Key features: Prompt-level sentiment and share of voice tracking across 9+ engines including DeepSeek, Llama, and Grok; source attribution and citation gap analysis; Actions feature converting gaps into prioritised tasks; unlimited seats on every plan; free pitch workspaces for prospect audits.

Pros:

Only major platform with unlimited user seats on every plan — per-seat cost does not compound as agencies scale.
Best long-tail engine coverage including DeepSeek, Llama, and Grok.
Transparent published pricing makes client quoting straightforward.

Cons:

Actions feature surfaces what to fix but does not execute for you — your team carries the production burden.
Gemini AI Mode and Claude are paid add-ons on lower tiers.
No SOC 2 Type II — rules it out for Fortune 500 procurement.

External rating: No public rating yet.

Verdict: The most agency-friendly sentiment monitoring platform, with unlimited seats and the broadest model roster, but execution still requires your own team capacity.

4. Ahrefs Brand Radar

Best for: SEO professionals already on Ahrefs who want the largest AI sentiment and brand mention dataset for competitive benchmarking.

Pricing: $199/mo per single AI platform (add-on on top of Ahrefs base plan from $129/mo); $699/mo for all-platforms bundle. Total cost can exceed $800–900/mo.

Key features: 405M+ search-backed prompts across 6 AI platforms; share of voice benchmarking with no setup required; top cited pages and domain analysis; custom prompt tracking; historical data from May 2025; Looker Studio connector and API.

Pros:

Largest prompt database derived from real search queries, not synthetic prompts — gives competitive benchmarks grounded in actual buyer behaviour.
Zero-setup brand search enables instant competitive benchmarking on day one.
Covers YouTube, Reddit, and TikTok brand signals as an additional benefit.

Cons:

AI tracking is an expensive add-on — full coverage can exceed $800/mo on top of existing Ahrefs subscription fees.
AI chatbot data refreshes monthly, not daily — slow cadence for teams that need to act quickly.
Monitoring-only: no sentiment action plan or content optimisation workflow.

External rating: G2: 4.5/5 (702 reviews); Capterra: 4.7/5 (575 reviews) — platform-wide ratings, not Brand Radar specifically.

Verdict: Unmatched dataset breadth for competitive sentiment research, but the monthly refresh cadence and monitoring-only scope limit its usefulness for teams that need to act on what they find.

5. Otterly.AI

Best for: Freelancers and small agencies wanting the most affordable dedicated sentiment and citation tracking tool.

Pricing: Lite $29/mo (15 prompts); Standard $189/mo (100 prompts); Pro $989/mo; Enterprise custom. Gemini is a paid add-on on the Lite tier.

Key features: Prompt-level citation and sentiment tracking across 6 platforms; competitive share of AI voice; GEO Audit Engine (20+ on-page citation-readiness factors); AI Prompt Research from 10M+ daily prompts; automated weekly brand reports with sentiment and competitor comparison.

Pros:

G2 High Performer (AEO, Winter 2026) and Gartner Cool Vendor 2025 — strongest third-party recognition at its price tier.
Weekly automated sentiment reports require no manual work.
Public API and Claude Skill marketplace enable workflow automation.

Cons:

Steep jump from $29 Lite to $189 Standard when you outgrow 15 prompts — most teams will hit the cap sooner than expected.
No Grok, Claude, or Meta AI natively.
Monitoring-focused: deeper execution requires pairing with another tool.

External rating: G2 High Performer, Answer Engine Optimization category, Winter 2026 Report; Gartner Cool Vendor 2025 (AI in Marketing); no verified aggregate star rating confirmed.

Verdict: The best entry-level sentiment monitoring tool for budget-constrained teams, though the prompt cap on the Lite plan forces an upgrade sooner than many expect.

6. Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit

Best for: Mid-market teams already on Semrush who want to add basic AI sentiment monitoring without changing their stack.

Pricing: $99/mo add-on on top of a Semrush SEO plan (from $139.95/mo). Total all-in cost from approximately $239/mo before per-user and domain add-ons.

Key features: AI Visibility Score benchmarking; Brand Performance reports with share of voice and sentiment analysis; Competitor Research surfacing prompts where rivals appear; Prompt Research for ChatGPT/Gemini query discovery; daily prompt tracking; AI Search Site Audit.

Pros:

Sentiment and narrative driver analysis integrated with existing Semrush SEO data in one dashboard.
Familiar keyword-research UX speeds adoption for SEO teams.
220+ countries for prompt tracking.

Cons:

True all-in cost is high once the SEO plan, AI toolkit, per-user, and domain add-ons are combined.
Only 3–4 LLMs covered — narrower than dedicated AEO platforms.
Brand Performance data refreshes weekly, not daily.

External rating: G2: 4.5/5 (3,911 reviews) — platform-wide rating, not the AI Visibility Toolkit specifically.

Verdict: A logical first step for Semrush users wanting sentiment signals, but its limited engine coverage and patchwork add-on pricing make it a costly second-best compared to purpose-built tools.

7. Scrunch AI

Best for: Enterprise brands and agencies needing SOC 2-compliant sentiment monitoring across up to 9 engines with AI content delivery.

Pricing: Core $250/mo (4 engines, 125 prompts); Agency Core $500/mo; Enterprise custom.

Key features: Multi-LLM sentiment and brand tracking across up to 9 engines on Enterprise; Agent Experience Platform (AXP) serving AI-optimised content directly to crawlers; agent traffic analysis (which AI bots visit, and how often); AI Search Trends for emerging prompt discovery; SOC 2 Type II, RBAC, SSO.

Pros:

Broadest feature completeness — the only platform with coverage across monitoring, auditing, optimisation, content delivery, and enterprise security.
AXP is a genuine technical differentiator for teams that want to control how content reaches AI agents.
Strong enterprise credentials pass rigorous infosec reviews.

Cons:

Core plan (4 engines, 125 prompts) is thin for real enterprise monitoring needs.
Actionable insights scored 2/5 in one independent review — optimisation features still in beta.
No general-purpose AI content generation yet.

External rating: G2: 4.6/5 (72 reviews).

Verdict: The most complete enterprise compliance stack for sentiment and brand monitoring, but teams that need polished optimisation guidance should wait for its beta features to mature.

8. AthenaHQ

Best for: Mid-market SaaS and B2B brands wanting the highest-rated pure-play AEO platform with built-in content action plans.

Pricing: $295/mo self-serve (3,500 credits/mo); Enterprise custom. No free tier — demo available.

Key features: AI visibility and sentiment tracking across ChatGPT-4, Gemini Pro, Claude, and Perplexity; proprietary Athena Citation Engine (ACE) analysing citation-probability patterns; Action Center prioritising specific content fixes with reasoning; integrated content brief and article production; competitive share-of-voice benchmarking.

Pros:

Highest G2 rating in the AEO category (4.9/5).
Action Center tells teams exactly what to fix and why — not just what is broken.
Unlimited seats on self-serve plan eliminates per-user cost escalation.

Cons:

Credit-based billing creates unpredictable costs at scale.
No SOC 2 Type II — may fail enterprise infosec reviews.
Only 4 engines covered versus broader-coverage competitors.

External rating: G2: 4.9/5 (33 reviews as of June 2026).

Verdict: The highest-rated tool for teams that want clear, reasoned sentiment and visibility action plans rather than raw dashboards — though the credit model can surprise heavy users.

9. Evertune

Best for: Fortune 500 brands and enterprise CMOs needing statistically significant sentiment data at 1M+ prompts per brand per month.

Pricing: $3,000/mo entry; annual contracts required. Higher tiers at $5,000–10,000+/mo. No self-serve.

Key features: AI Brand Index tracking frequency and sentiment context of brand mentions across 9 engines; dual-layer measurement (foundational model knowledge plus consumer app responses); Shopping Intelligence for AI-driven product recommendations; EverPanel consumer panel (25M US internet users); automatic competitor discovery.

Pros:

Only platform measuring both what AI models know and what real users actually see — a genuine technical differentiator.
1M+ prompts per brand per month delivers statistically significant sentiment trends rather than indicative samples.
Shopping Intelligence is unique for commerce brands tracking product-level sentiment.

Cons:

$3,000/mo minimum with mandatory annual contracts — inaccessible for all but large enterprise budgets.
No free trial, no self-serve evaluation path.
US-centric consumer panel limits relevance for brands with non-US audiences.

External rating: Named a Representative Vendor in Gartner’s Market Guide for Answer Engine Visibility Tools; no verified G2/Capterra rating.

Verdict: Unrivalled sentiment measurement depth for enterprise CMOs with the budget, but the $3,000/mo floor and annual commitment make it a non-starter for everyone else.

10. Knowatoa

Best for: B2B marketing teams and SEO consultants wanting structured sentiment diagnosis plus a dedicated account rep at an accessible price.

Pricing: Starter $59/mo (30 questions, 3 engines, 7-day free trial); Growth $199/mo (100 questions, 7 engines including Claude, Gemini, Meta AI, Perplexity); Enterprise from $499/mo.

Key features: BISCUIT Framework diagnosing why AI recommends competitors over your brand; 7-engine tracking with full cached AI answer snapshots showing sentiment and citation sources; competitor gap analysis; source opportunity identification; done-for-you content drafting agents on Growth; daily data refresh on all plans.

Pros:

Dedicated account rep included even on the $59/mo Starter — rare at this price tier.
Daily refresh plus BISCUIT Framework gives diagnostic depth beyond raw tracking.
Free no-signup AI visibility audit lowers the evaluation barrier.

Cons:

Only 3 engines on Starter; full sentiment coverage requires Growth at $199/mo.
Question caps (30 on Starter, 100 on Growth) become a bottleneck for multi-brand monitoring.
No public third-party reviews yet.

External rating: No public G2/Capterra rating yet.

Verdict: Smart diagnostic framing and a human account rep make Knowatoa unusually hands-on for its price, but the engine limits on Starter mean most buyers will need the $199 Growth tier.

11. SE Ranking / SE Visible

Best for: SEO agencies that want traditional rank tracking and AI sentiment monitoring bundled in one mature, heavily reviewed platform.

Pricing: SE Ranking Core $129/mo (includes 100 AI prompts/day, 5 engines); AI Search Add-on +$89/mo; SE Visible standalone from $99/mo (200 prompts, 3 projects).

Key features: AI Visibility Tracker with daily brand mention and sentiment tracking across ChatGPT, Gemini, Google AI Overviews, AI Mode, and Perplexity; cached AI answer copies; SE Visible strategic dashboard with sentiment trends and citation analysis; full traditional SEO suite; MCP and API access.

Pros:

Best-in-class traditional SEO suite bundled with AI sentiment monitoring — strong value for teams needing both.
Highest trust ratings in this comparison: G2 4.8/5 across 1,371+ reviews.
14-day free trial with no credit card required.

Cons:

Only 5 engines — Claude, Copilot, Meta AI, Grok, and DeepSeek are absent.
Confusing pricing with three overlapping products (SE Ranking, AI Add-on, SE Visible).
GEO-only buyers overpay versus specialist tools.

External rating: G2: 4.8/5 (1,371+ reviews); Capterra: 4.7/5 (284+ reviews). SE Visible: 5.0/5 on OMR Reviews (2 reviews only — too few to be meaningful).

Verdict: The most trusted option for agencies wanting AI sentiment tracking layered on a proven SEO foundation, but the limited engine roster and overlapping pricing tiers create unnecessary complexity.

12. Bluefish AI

Best for: Fortune 500 brands in regulated or brand-sensitive industries needing AI Brand Vault governance and favorability measurement beyond share-of-voice.

Pricing: Quote-only; no public pricing. Enterprise-first, custom deployment required.

Key features: Real-time multi-engine visibility with advanced metrics (favorability, sentiment, safety, accuracy) across 5+ engines; AI Brand Vault for metadata governance controlling cross-engine brand consistency; AI Accuracy feature detecting factual inaccuracies in AI-generated brand descriptions; Collections for ROI measurement; professional services advisory overlay.

Pros:

Only platform with AI Brand Vault — addresses root-cause brand misrepresentation in LLMs at the metadata governance layer, not just the symptoms.
Deep professional services with model-reasoning reviews and enterprise change management.
Well-funded ($67M raised) with strong reported revenue growth.

Cons:

No public pricing and no self-serve evaluation — requires a sales engagement before you can assess fit.
Not yet SOC 2 Type II certified despite enterprise positioning.
Product-service hybrid means slower, less standardised deployment than plug-and-play SaaS.

External rating: No public rating yet.

Verdict: The most sophisticated brand governance and favorability measurement platform for Fortune 500 names, but its sales-first model and opaque pricing make it inaccessible to anyone without an enterprise budget and procurement process.

How we ranked these

We evaluated 12 tools against five weighted criteria, applied consistently across every entry:

Sentiment depth and framing. Does the tool report tone and narrative context, not just a mention count? Tools that explain how the AI is describing your brand outscored those that only report that it did.
Engine coverage. Minimum viable coverage is ChatGPT, Gemini, Google AI Overviews, and Perplexity. We rewarded tools that cover Copilot, Grok, Meta AI, Claude, and DeepSeek without requiring paid add-ons per engine.
Execution layer. A dashboard that confirms competitors are winning is data; a workflow that closes the gap is value. Tools that move from diagnosis to prioritised action inside the same product scored significantly higher.
Citation and source attribution. Can an analyst trace the exact prompt, the AI answer it generated, and the sources the model cited? Without that trail, sentiment data is descriptive rather than diagnostic.
Pricing accessibility. We checked whether the entry tier delivers meaningful coverage, or whether the real product is behind a $3,000/mo enterprise contract. Value at each price tier was weighted, not absolute price alone.

Tools are not paid placements. We do not take fees from vendors to appear in or move up this list. The full scoring criteria and editorial independence policy are documented at /methodology.

Decision guide

Use Temso if you need sentiment monitoring, share of voice tracking, and an execution workflow in one product at a single flat price. The 8-engine coverage on every plan, including the $29 entry tier, makes it the default choice for SMBs and SaaS teams.
Use Profound if your audience is a CFO or boardroom, you need the deepest citation intelligence, and your budget is $399/mo or above.
Use Peec AI if you are an agency running AI sentiment tracking as a billable line across multiple clients and need unlimited user seats without per-seat cost escalation.
Use Ahrefs Brand Radar if you are already an Ahrefs subscriber and want competitive sentiment benchmarking grounded in the largest real-query dataset available — and you can tolerate monthly data refresh.
Use Otterly.AI if your budget is under $50/mo and you need more than a manual audit, accepting the 15-prompt cap on the entry tier.
Use Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit if you are already deep in the Semrush stack and the sentiment data you need fits within 3–4 engines.
Use Scrunch if procurement and legal require SOC 2 Type II, or if you need to control how AI-optimised content is delivered to AI crawlers.
Use AthenaHQ if you value a high-rated peer-reviewed platform that gives explicit content action plans, and credit-based billing fits your usage pattern.
Use Evertune if you are a Fortune 500 CMO who needs statistically significant sentiment data at scale and can commit to an annual contract starting at $3,000/mo.
Use Knowatoa if you want a structured diagnostic framework and a dedicated human account rep included at the $59–$199 price range.
Use SE Ranking / SE Visible if your team still needs traditional keyword rank tracking alongside AI sentiment monitoring and you want a mature, heavily reviewed platform.
Use Bluefish if you are in a regulated industry and need AI Brand Vault governance plus favorability tracking, and enterprise procurement timelines are not a barrier.

Best Tools to Track Brand Sentiment in ChatGPT & Gemini (2026)

TL;DR

At a glance

Why brand sentiment in AI engines matters now

1. Temso

2. Profound

3. Peec AI

4. Ahrefs Brand Radar

5. Otterly.AI

6. Semrush AI Visibility Toolkit

7. Scrunch AI

8. AthenaHQ

9. Evertune

10. Knowatoa

11. SE Ranking / SE Visible

12. Bluefish AI

How we ranked these

Decision guide

What to read next

FAQ